Počátek hackerské kultury, tak jak ji známe dnes, může být datován do roku 1961, do roku, ve kterém MIT koupila první PDP-1. Výbor pro signály a pohon MIT klubu železničních modelů přijal tento počítač jako svoji nejoblíbenější hračku a začal vynalézat nové programovací nástroje, slang a celou to vše obklopující kulturu, jejíž vliv lze rozeznat dodnes. Tyto první roky byly zdokumentovány v prvé části knihy Stevena Levyse "Hackers".

Zdá se, že na MIT poprvé začali používat slovo "hacker". Klub železničních modelů se stal jádrem MIT laboratoře umělé inteligence, na počátku osmdesátých let světově nejvýznamnější laboratoře v tomto oboru. Jejich vliv se velmi rozšířil po roce 1969, během prvého roku projektu ARPANET. ARPANET byl první mezikontinentální, vysokorychlostní počítačovou sítí. Vystavělo jej ministerstvo obrany jako experiment v oblasti digitálních komunikací, časem ale propojil stovky univerzit, firem, podílejících se na vojenských zakázkách, a výzkumných laboratoří. Umožnil výzkumníkům vyměňovat si informace s bezprecedentní rychlostí a flexibilitou a tím velmi povzbudil spolupráci a nesmírně zvýšil rychlost a intenzitu technologického pokroku.

ARPANET ale udělal i něco dalšího. Jeho elektronické dálnice propojili hackery celých USA a tak bylo dosaženo kritické hmotnosti. Malé izolované skupiny pracujících na vlastních problémech se spojili v jediný sítěmi propojený kmen.

První produkty hackerské kultury, první seznamy slangových výrazů, první parodie, první diskuze o etice hackera, to vše se šířilo v prvních letech po ARPANETU. Zejména první verze Jargon File vznikla výsledkem spolupráce let 1973-1975. Tento slangový slovník se stal jedním ze základních dokumentů, které definovaly hackerskou kulturu. Později byl publikován jako "Nový hackerský slovník".

Hackerství vzkvétalo na univerzitách napojených na síť, zejména (ale ne pouze) na katedrách počítačových věd. MIT AI laboratoř byla první mezi rovnými od konce 60. let. Ale laboratoře umělé inteligence na Stanfordské universitě (SAIL) a Carnegie-Mellon universitě (CMU) se staly téměř stejně důležité. Všechny patřily k rozkvétajícím centrům počítačových věd a výzkumu v oblasti umělé inteligence. Všechny přitahovaly schopné lidi, kteří přispívali velkými věcmi do hackerské kultury, jak po stránce technické tak i folklórní.

Abychom porozuměli tomu, co se stalo později, musíme se znovu podívat na samotné počítače, protože vzestup laboratoří a jejich konečný úpadek byly způsobeny změnami v počítačových technologiích.

Od dob PDP-1 byly osudy hackerství propojeny s PDP sériií minipočítačů společnosti DEC. DEC byl průkopníkem v oblasti komerčního interaktivního počítání a v operačních systémech se sdílením času. Protože byly jeho počítače na danou dobu flexibilní, výkonné a relativně levné, koupilo si je mnoho univerzit.

Levné sdílení počítačového času poskytlo prostředí, ve kterém hackerská kultura vyrůstala a po většinu času svého života propojoval ARPANET zejména počítače DEC. Nejdůležitějším z nich byl PDP-10, poprvé představený v roce 1967. PDP-10 zůstal nejoblíbenějším hackerským počítačem po téměř 15 let. TOPS-10 (operační systém počítače) a MACRO-10 (jeho assembler) jsou stále připomínány s nostalgickou láskou ve slangu a folklóru.

MIT, ačkoliv používal stejné PDP-10 jako kdokoliv jiný, přešel na trochu jinou cestu. Zcela odmítl DEC software pro PDP-10 a vystavěl vlastní operační systém, ITS.

ITS znamená "Nekompatibilní systém pro sdílení času" a výstižně charakterizuje myšlení hackerů z MIT. Chtěli mít vše podle svého. Naštěstí pro nás všechny, lidé z MIT byli stejně inteligentní jako arogantní. ITS, jakkoliv byl výstřední a ačkoliv se v něm občas vyskytovaly chyby, obsahoval řadu skvělých technických vylepšení a jedná se pravděpodobně o systém se sdílením času, který byl nejdéle využíván.

Samotný ITS byl napsán v assembleru, ale mnoho ITS projektů bylo napsáno v jazyce LISP. LISP byl zdaleka nejmocnější a nejflexibilnější jazyk té doby, ještě nyní, po 25 letech, svou konstrukcí poráží většinu současných jazyků. LISP umožnil ITS hackerům myslet neobvyklými a tvůrčími způsoby. Byl jedním z hlavních faktorů jejich úspěchu a zůstává dodnes jedním z nejoblíbenějších hackerských jazyků.

Mnoho výtvorů z těch dob ještě stále přežívá, nejznámější z nich je asi editor EMACS. A většina folkloru ITS ještě žije, jak dosvědčuje současný slang.

SAIL a CMU také nespaly. Mnozí z těch, kteří vyrůstali okolo SAIL PDP-10 se stali později klíčovými postavami při vývoji osobních počítačů a dnešních uživatelských rozhraní. Hackeři v CMU zatím pracovali na projektech, které později vedly k prvním velkým praktickým aplikacím expertních systémů a průmyslových robotů.

Dalším důležitým střediskem této kultury byl XEROX PARC, slavné výzkumné středisko Palo Alto Research Center. Více než deset let, od počátku sedmdesátých let až po polovinu let osmdesátých poskytoval PARC ohromující množství převratných hardwarových a softwarových inovací. Moderní myš, okna, ikony na obrazovce byly objeveny zde. A také laserová tiskárna a místní síť (LAN). Série počítačů D o desetiletí předešla výkonné počítače osmdesátých let. Bohužel, tito proroci nebyli ceněni vlastní společností, byli tak málo uznáváni, že se rozšířil vtip o tom, že PARC je místo, kde se vyvýjejí skvělé myšlenky pro kohokoliv jiného. Jejich vliv na hackerství byl všudypřítomný.

Společenství ARPANETu a PDP-10 vzrůstala na síle a různorodosti během sedmdesátých let. Elektronické diskuzní konference, které původně povzbuzovaly kooperaci mezi jednotlivými výzkumnými skupinami, byly stále více používány i ve společenském styku. DARPA úmyslně přehlížela tyto technicky vzato "neautorizované" aktivity. Bylo jasné, že ztráty způsobené takovým použitím budou mnohonásobně převáženy tím, že bude přilákána celá generace schopných mladých lidí do oblasti počítačů.

Asi nejznámější společenskou konfrencí ARPANETU byl SF-LOVERS pro obdivovatele sci-fi, která stále ještě na Internetu žije. Takových konferencí bylo mnoho a razily cestu pro způsob komunikace, který později komerčně využívaly služby jako CompuServe, GEnie a Prodigy (a kterou později ovládla AOL)

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